DeLorme Technical Support ~ Rock-Solid US-Based Support
|
DeLorme Technical Support ~ Rock-Solid US-Based Support |
| Word | Description |
| 7.5-minute Quadrangle Maps | 7.5-minute quads are the most commonly used maps published by the USGS. They cover 7.5 minutes of longitude and latitude and are available for all areas of the United States except for non-urban areas of Alaska. They have a scale of 1:24,000 and the area represented by each quad varies from about 64 sq. miles at 30° north to 49 sq. miles at 49° north. The 7.5-minute series employs Universal Transverse Mercator projection due to the importance of maps for navigation. Over 57,000 quads are used to cover the continental U.S., Hawaii, and portions of Alaska. |
| Active Directory | The directory service that stores information about objects on a network and makes this information available to users and network administrators. Active Directory gives network users access to permitted resources anywhere on the network using a single logon process. It provides network administrators with an intuitive, hierarchical view of the network and a single point of administration for all network objects. |
| ADT | Alaska Daylight Time |
| Aerial Photograph | An image of a portion of the surface of the earth that is either captured from an oblique angle or from a point perpendicular to the subject area, depending on the intended use. Aerial images are often orthorectified, the result of which is that every point on the map is geographically correct and the image can be rendered as a map. |
| Almanac | Data downloaded from satellites that contains the identity codes, location, and time information for each satellite. |
| Altitude | The vertical distance of a point either on or above the surface of the earth from mean sea level. The term can also be used to measure the angle of a celestial body above the visible horizon. |
| Arctic Circle | Parallel, or line of latitude around the Earth, at approximately 66°30' N. Because of the Earth's inclination of about 23 1/2° to the vertical, it marks the southern limit of the area within which, for one day or more each year, the Sun does not set (about June 21) or rise (about December 21). |
| Arctic Circle – Antarctic Circle | The Arctic Circle and its identical twin, the Antarctic Circle, are imaginary lines of latitude drawn at approximately 66° 33' north and south of the equator respectively. Resulting from the 23° 27' tilt in the earth’s axis, they represent the latitude at which, on the summer solstice, there is 24 hours of sunlight and on the winter solstice, there is 24 hours of darkness. |
| Aspect | The relationship between the surface distance represented by degrees of latitude and longitude. Moving north or south from the equator, where the aspect ratio is 1:1, the difference between the two increases. How this ratio is reflected on a map depends on the projection to be used. |
| AST | Alaska Standard Time |
| Atlas | A bound collection of maps of a reasonably uniform nature. It was Gerardus Mercator a 16th-century Flemish cartographer who first embellished the title page of his book of maps with an image of Atlas, the Greek God of the Earth, supporting the globe on his shoulders. The Book of Atlas became abbreviated to simply Atlas over the next few centuries. |
| Atomic Clock | A type of clock that uses an atomic resonance frequency standard as its counter. |
| Attribute | In GIS, information or data that applies to a specific geographic object, area, or location. |
| Average Grade | Average of the grade from the start to the current cursor position (or finish). |
| Average Speed field | When tracking with GPS, displays your average speed. |
| Axis | The earth’s axis is a 7,899.8-mile (12,713.5-km) long straight line from the North Pole through the Center of the earth to the South Pole. It is around this axis that the earth rotates once every 24 hours in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from above the North Pole. The axis is tilted at an angle of 23° 27’ in relation to the sun which results in seasonal variations in the sun’s intensity on different parts of the earth and thus results in seasonal variations in climate. |
| Azimuth | The direction of travel or the direction between two points in reference to true or magnetic north. When expressed in degrees, its value ranges from 0 to 360. A compass heading is an azimuth. In most places, the word bearing has grown to mean the same thing as azimuth. However, azimuth is always measured from true or magnetic north in a clockwise direction. For example, due east is 90 and due west is 270. See also, Bearing. |
| Base Map | A map designed specifically to be used as a template, onto which further information is placed for the purpose of comparison or spatial correlation. Base maps are often simple outline maps and are usually devoid of any information deemed unnecessary for basic geographical reference. |
| Bathymetry | The relief of ocean and lake floors. Bathymetry is usually measured in units of distance below mean sea or water level and is mapped using contour lines called isobaths in a similar fashion to terrestrial topographic maps. |
| Bearing | Like an azimuth, a bearing is measured in reference to true or magnetic north, but its value never goes over 90. A bearing is always measured from the cardinal directions of north or south. A typical bearing would be N45 E, which is the same as an azimuth of 45. The bearing S45 W is an azimuth of 225. The use of the word bearing has changed over the years and now means the same as azimuth. When tracking, bearing displays the direction of travel between your current position and your next waypoint, relative to true or magnetic North. |
| Benchmark | In the process of surveying an area, indicators are placed at significant locations to act as reference points for further measurements. These benchmarks usually give elevation based on a particular datum and may also detail latitude, longitude, and the date of the survey. The USGS uses metal discs about 4 inches in diameter embedded in concrete or attached in some way to a building. |
| Bluetooth | Bluetooth wireless technology is the low-power, short-range radio technology that allows electronic devices such as mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, notebook PCs and even cars to "talk" to each other without wires. |
| Bread crumb trail | A set of dots that display on your computer screen to record your progress as you travel. |
| Buffer | In GIS, a polygon generated around an existing geographic object that is often used for proximity analysis. |
| Cadastral Map | Includes the length and direction of each side of a property boundary and the area of each parcel. |
| Cartesian Coordinate System | A system of quantifying location based on the relationship of an object to an X and Y axis where the surface of the earth is assumed to be flat. Measures of distance and direction are constant within a Cartesian system. |
| Cartography | The discipline of collecting, processing and communicating geographic information using either print or digital media. |
| CD | Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an optical disc used to store digital data. |
| CDT | Central Daylight Time |
| Centroid | In GIS, the geometric or geographic center of a polygon. |
| Chart | A map that is designed to function primarily as a navigational aid. The most common of which are nautical and aeronautical charts. Because of the nature of their use, charts must be created with a high degree of accuracy and are frequently updated and revised. |
| Choropleth Map | A descriptive map that indicates, through some form of shading or pattern, the magnitude of a particular phenomenon within a defined geographical area. With any number of these areas on a given map an instant picture of the spatial pattern can be derived. |
| Circumference | Represented by a line around the earth that starts and finishes at the same point. Due to the fact that the earth is not a true sphere but an oblate spheroid, or geoid, its length varies from 24,901.55 miles (40,075 km) around the equator to 24,859.82 miles (40,008 km) around the poles. |
| Climbing Distance | The total distance where the terrain is uphill. |
| Climbing Elevation | The amount of ascending vertical distance. |
| Clipboard | A Windows utility used as a buffer for copying and pasting text. |
| Computer | A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. |
| Constrained | Constraints are used to ensure accuracy and consistency of data. |
| Constraint | Constraints are used to ensure accuracy and consistency of data. |
| Contour | n imaginary line on a topographic map connecting points of the same elevation above or below mean sea level, based on a particular datum. Usually these lines are drawn at a uniform interval throughout the map and every forth or fifth line is labeled, normally in meters or feet. For the map viewer they give a rudimentary impression of three-dimensionality. Contours that appear relatively close together or that create a darker pattern, indicate that there is an abrupt change in elevation or a steep slope. Contours widely spaced depict relatively flat terrain. All contour lines are continuous with no beginning or end, they do not intersect or cross and only when showing truly vertical slopes do they appear to touch. One of the most common misconceptions about contours is that an abundance of contours on a map means that the terrain is steeply sloped. Bearing in mind that each line simply represents the position of transition from one range of elevations to another, a high density of contours with the same label may simply indicate that the topography has a range of a few feet either side of the elevation indicated by that line. For all intents and purposes the terrain in this case is flat. The need to accurately depict relief on maps has been a challenge to cartographers for millennia. In the 16th century Leonardo da Vinci developed an artistic system of depicting changes in elevation which coincided with advances in surveying techniques. Ironically contour lines were first used to represent bathymetry and were not applied to terrestrial landforms until late in the 19th century. |
| Contour Interval | The spacing of contours. There is no standard for how many contours should appear on a map and how they are spaced in terms of elevation. The decision is usually based on the nature of the relief and the scale. If the terrain is relatively flat, it is preferable to have more contours to show any minor variations. If the relief shows steep slopes or if the map is of a small scale, an abundance of contours creates clutter and makes it unreadable. |
| Coordinates | A coordinate system must have a point of origin and each location must be stated in terms of direction and distance from this point. Considering the globe, the usual point of origin is the equator and the prime meridian intersect (400 miles (643km) south of Accra, Ghana in the Gulf of Guinea). This point is 0° latitude and 0° longitude and it is from here that all positions of the globe are measured using the earth’s coordinate system. In this system, which closely resembles the Cartesian grid system used on a two-dimensional plane, the equator represents the X-axis and the prime meridian represents the Y-axis. However unlike a true Cartesian system there are definite limits to the extent of both axes. The X-axis terminates at 180° of longitude from both east and west and the Y-axis terminates at the North and South Poles. Thus all points on earth are between 0° and 90° north or south of the equator and 180° east or west of the prime meridian. There are several variations in the global coordinate system usually based on recognized lines of latitude and longitude but with a different labeling system. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system designates 6° longitudinal strips and divides these into 8° latitudinal zones. Coordinates are measured in actual distance in meters from the equator and in distance from the central meridian of this zone to the point in question. The zones themselves are assigned an alphanumeric code for quick regional locating. The Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) takes each zone of the UTM system and further divides it into 100 km (62 mile) grid squares with each have an alphabetic code. Actual points within these zones are measured as easting and northing values originating from the southwest corner. The World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF), primarily used for aircraft navigation, divides the world into 12 bands of latitude and 24 zones of longitude, each 15 degrees in extent. The resulting zones are given an alphabetic code and are further divided into one-degree squares with further alphabetic codes assigned. Although such global systems can be easily adapted to relatively large-scale maps, more localized systems have been developed by individual countries and institutions to better suit their needs. Numerous national grids such as the British National Grid emerged to cover well-defined geographical areas and are often based on a local datum. |
| Course | The azimuth and length of a line, considered together. |
| CST | Central Standard Time |
| Current Elevation | The elevation above sea level at a specific point. |
| Datum | A reference point or surface against which position measurements are made, and an associated model of the shape of the earth for computing positions. Datums can be vertical, horizontal, or complete. Vertical datums deal primarily with elevation and are usually developed to supplement existing datums. Horizontal datums deal with assigning coordinates to positions on the surface of the earth based on a two-dimensional plane. Complete datums combine horizontal and vertical datums to provide a three-dimensional model. A datum can be developed to meet the needs of a specific region or country or can be global in scope in which case they are called geodetic datums. The most commonly used datum today is the World Geodetic System 1984 or WGS84. This developed out of and is essentially the same as the North American Datum of 1983 or NAD83, which in turn was an update of the North American Datum of 1927 or NAD27. Many USGS maps, including the 7.5-minute quads, use NAD27 and the difference between it and NAD83 can be as much as 650 feet (200 meters). This is an important consideration when using a GPS receiver in conjunction with a paper map and many of the more recent versions of the USGS maps provide information on converting between datums. |
| Declination | The degree of variation between true north and magnetic north that varies with location and changes over time as the position of the magnetic north pole migrates. |
| Degrees | A degree is the most common unit used for defining a position on the surface of the earth. The polar and equatorial circumferences are divided into 360 degrees. Latitude is measured in degrees north or south of the equator with the North and South Pole being 90° north and south, respectively. Longitude is measured east and west from the prime meridian to 180° at the International Date Line. |
| Descending Distance | The total distance where the terrain is downhill. |
| Descending Elevation | The amount of descending vertical distance. |
| Differential GPS (DGPS) | A technique to improve GPS accuracy that uses pseudo-range errors recorded at a known location to improve the measurements made by other GPS receivers within the same general geographic area. |
| Digital Elevation Model (DEM) | A file containing elevation points that have been sampled at regularly spaced intervals. A DEM is used for the generation of contours, shaded relief, 3-D terrain models and elevation profiles. |
| Dilution of Precision (DOP) | The total effect of all error sources in locating a position. |
| DLL | Dynamic-link library A module containing functions or resources that other programs or DLLs can utilize. DLLs cannot run by themselves; other programs have to load them. |
| Download | To transfer information from a remote unit, such as a GPS receiver, to a computer. or In computer networks, to download means to receive data to a local system from a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer. Examples of a remote system from which a download might be performed include a webserver, FTP server, email server, or other similar systems. A download can mean either any file that is offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file. |
| DVD | DVD, also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc, is an optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are video and data storage. DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs), but store more than six times as much data. |
| Easting | The measure of a position relative to the x-axis (horizontal) of a grid system. |
| EDT | Eastern Daylight Time |
| Elevation | Often used interchangeably with altitude, elevation refers to the vertical distance above or below mean sea level, of a point on the surface of the earth. |
| Elevation Gain | The difference in elevation from the start of the profile to the end of the profile. |
| Ephemeris | Data that indicates the position and status of satellites. |
| Equator | The equator, at 0°, is the reference point for measuring positions of latitude. Halfway between the poles, it is the longest great circle route, stretching for 24,901.55 miles (40,075 km). It is the latitude at which the sun is directly overhead on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. |
| Equinox | The year-long elliptical journey (revolution) of the earth around the sun, combined with the fact that the earth’s axis tilts in a consistent manner in relation to the sun, results in seasonal variations in the angle of the solar rays hitting the earth. On the surface of the planet this gives the impression of the sun being lower in the sky in the winter months and higher in the summer. There are two positions along the revolutionary path where the angle of the sun's rays is perpendicular to the axis of tilt. At these points the sun appears to be exactly overhead at the equator. These are the equinoxes, ("equal nights" in Latin), and they occur around March 20th (the vernal or spring equinox) and September 23rd (the autumnal equinox). Because the time duration of the earth's revolution is not a whole number of days, the date of the equinox can vary by up to two days from year to year. |
| EST | Eastern Standard Time |
| False Origin | A selected point on a map's grid system from which the coordinates of any point in the map area are measured. The false origin differs from the true origin in order to exclude negative values from the coordinates. |
| Field | In GIS, a column containing a specific class of data for each object in the dataset. |
| Firmware | In electronics and computing, firmware is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather small, programs and data structures that internally control various electronic devices. Typical examples of devices containing firmware range from end-user products such as remote controls or calculators, through computer parts and devices like hard disks, keyboards, TFT screens or memory cards, all the way to scientific instrumentation and industrial robotics. Also more complex consumer devices, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, synthesizers, etc., contain firmware to enable the device's basic operation as well as implementing higher-level functions. |
| Flash | Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform that is popular for adding animation and interactivity to web pages. |
| Geocaching | An outdoor activity that most often involves the use of a Global Positioning System ("GPS") receiver or traditional navigational techniques to find a geocache (or "cache") placed anywhere in the world. A typical cache is a small, waterproof container containing a logbook and "treasure", usually trinkets of little value. Geocaching.com |
| Geocode | The process of determining the precise geographic location or a set of coordinates for an object derived from non-geographic information such as a address or ZIP Code. |
| Geodesy | The science that is concerned with the measurement and mathematical description of the size and shape of the earth. |
| Geoid | Used to describe the exact shape of the planet, assuming all features, both bathymetric and topographic, are flattened to mean sea level. This shape is often referred to as an oblate spheroid. |
| Georeference | The process of geographically modifying a map or aerial photograph so that every point on the map is geographically correct. |
| GIS | A tool for analyzing and querying spatial data. Its function is facilitated by computer hardware, GIS software, and the technical expertise of the people involved. |
| GIS - Geographic Information System | A tool for analyzing and querying spatial data. Its function is facilitated by computer hardware, GIS software, and the technical expertise of the people involved. |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | A system of transmitting satellites and ground control stations that allows someone with a suitable signal receiving and processing device (GPS receiver) to accurately determine their location at any point on or above the earth. GPS technology is used for accurate feature locating, object mapping, and point-to-point navigation. |
| GMT | Greenwich Mean Time; used as the standard of time throughout the world. |
| GPS | Global Positioning System; a "constellation" of orbiting satellites used to calculate a precise position on or near the earth's surface. |
| Grade | Actually percent grade, rise over run (100 x (rise/run)). For example, 6 means that for every 100 ft, you gain 6 ft in elevation. |
| Graticule | The pattern created by intersecting lines of latitude and longitude (parallels and meridians). This configuration makes several assumptions about the shape of the globe, most notably that it is a perfect sphere. |
| Great Circle | Any line representing the earth’s circumference is known as a great circle, the best known of which is the equator. |
| Grid | A network of uniformly spaced horizontal and vertical lines employed to allow an exact reference to any point on a map. A grid pattern does not necessarily correspond with recognized lines of latitude and longitude, especially when dealing with relatively large-scale maps. In order for the grid pattern to remain uniform, there may be some variation in the apparent direction of north as represented by the grid and the direction indicated by meridians in the map area. This introduces a third definition of north, grid north, which is distinct from both true north and magnetic north. The use of latitude and longitude for locating points and determining direction on large-scale maps is considered fairly cumbersome. In these cases a true Cartesian system works better. This designates the southwest corner as the point of reference, called the false origin, and spaces the grid lines at uniform intervals moving north and east. The line represented by the bottom of the map corresponds with the X-axis and the line represented by right side of the map corresponds with the Y-axis. A grid reference is an alphabetic, alphanumeric or numeric sequence starting with the X-axis or easting followed by the Y-axis or northing. |
| HDOP | Horizontal Dilution of Position; the measure of how much the geometry of the satellites affects the horizontal position estimate. |
| Heading | Azimuth of the longitudinal axis of an aircraft or ship. Heading may differ from direction of travel when flying or boating due to currents in the air or water. |
| Hemisphere | One of two half-spheres created when a sphere is divided into two equal parts, using a plane passing through its center. The equator bisects the earth and creates the Northern and Southern Hemispheres; the prime meridian and 180° of longitude combine to create the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. |
| HTML | Hypertext Markup Language A simple markup language used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. HTML files are simple ASCII text files with codes embedded (indicated by markup tags) to denote formatting and hypertext links. |
| Initialize | To set to a starting position, as in obtaining initial coordinates for a GPS receiver. |
| International Date Line | Traveling across the International Date Line from west to east, time jumps ahead one whole day and traveling across from east to west, time goes back one whole day. While often mistakenly referred to as the line of 180° of longitude, in fact the actual line, while following 180° for much of its course from pole to pole, deviates in places to avoid land areas, such as eastern Russia and New Zealand. Unlike lines of latitude that are positioned relative to the equator, nature gave no direction for a reference point for lines of longitude. The placement of degrees of longitude is simply the work of humankind. Prior to the International Meridian Conference of 1884, each country developed a coordinate system specific to that particular country or region. Measures of latitude were usually consistent among these systems but longitudes varied. Because travel between countries was becoming commonplace and a more universal system was needed, the conference resolved to adopt Greenwich just outside of London in England as the point through which the prime meridian would pass. Latitude would, from then on, be measured east and west from this point. Interestingly, not all counties in attendance favored the system and the French and Brazilian delegates abstained from the final vote. Not only did this action affect the coordinate system used to numerically document positions on the earth, it created a universally accepted way of measuring time or specifically determining the beginning and end of a day. If the local time at Greenwich is midnight early Monday morning, at all points to the east it is later in the day on Monday and at all points to the west it is still Sunday. Knowing that 360° of rotation is equal to 24 hours of time, at a position 180° from Greenwich there is 12 hours difference and locally it is around midday. However at 179° east it is about midday on Monday and at 179° west it is midday on Sunday. |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization. It is a worldwide federation of national-standards bodies. |
| Isoline | In line on a map connecting points at which the values within the data being mapped are equal. |
| Latitude | The measure of a position on the earth's surface north or south of the equator in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Defined as the angle from the equator's horizontal plane perpendicular to the polar axis. All lines of latitude are parallel and are often referred to as parallels. |
| Log | A record of the speed, direction, and route of travel as obtained via GPS. |
| Logging | Recording the speed, direction, and route traveled using GPS. |
| Longitude | The measure of a position on the surface of the earth east or west of the Prime Meridian in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Defined as the angle from the vertical plane running through the polar axis and the prime meridian. All lines of longitude meet at the poles and are often referred to as meridians. |
| Maximum Elevation | The elevation of the highest point on a profile. |
| Maximum Speed field | When GPS tracking, displays your maximum speed. |
| MDT | Mountain daylight time |
| Minimum Elevation | The elevation of the lowest point on a profile. |
| MrSID | MrSID (pronounced Mister Sid) is an acronym that stands for multiresolution seamless image database. It is a file format (filename extension .sid) developed and patented by LizardTech for encoding of georeferenced raster graphics, such as orthophotos. |
| MSCONFIG | MSConfig, or Microsoft System Configuration Utility, (or simply System Configuration in Windows Vista and Windows 7) is a utility to troubleshoot the Windows startup process. It is bundled with all Microsoft Windows operating systems since Windows 98 except Windows 2000. Windows 95 and Windows 2000 users can download the utility as well, although it was not designed for them. MSConfig modifies which programs run at startup, edits certain configuration files, and simplifies controls over Windows services. As part of the base Windows install, MSConfig has commonly not been linked to in the Start Menu or Control Panel, but is accessible by using the Run dialog to launch msconfig on any system on which the user has administrator access. Files that can be edited through MSConfig include AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS, WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI on Windows 9x systems, and WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI and BOOT.INI on Windows NT systems prior to Windows Vista. The chief benefit to using MSConfig to edit these files is that it provides a simplified GUI to manipulate sections of those files and the Windows registry tree pertaining to the Windows boot sequence. Using MSConfig, Windows can also be configured to perform a diagnostic startup (load a minimum set of drivers, programs and services). |
| MST | Mountain standard time |
| NMEA | National Marine Electronics Association |
| NOAA | The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. NOAA warns of dangerous weather, charts seas and skies, guides the use and protection of ocean and coastal resources, and conducts research to improve understanding and stewardship of the environment. http://www.noaa.gov |
| Northing | The measure of a position relative to the y-axis (vertical) of a grid system. |
| PDOP | The measure of how much the error in the position estimate produced from satellite range measurements is amplified by a poor arrangement of satellites (with respect to the receiver antenna). |
| plug-in | In computing, a plug-in is a set of software components that adds specific capabilities to a larger software application. If supported, plug-ins enable customizing the functionality of an application. For example, plug-ins are commonly used in web browsers to play video, scan for viruses, and display new file types |
| Port | A hardware interface used by a computer to communicate with an external device. |
| PPS | Precise Positioning System; radio signals available to military and other authorized personnel for GPS. |
| Real time | The actual time during which something takes place. |
| Receiver | Hardware device that receives data, such as from satellites. |
| Registry | A Windows file that stores user preferences, including international settings as well as application-specific settings. |
| RMA | A Return Material Authorization (RMA) is a transaction whereby the recipient of a product arranges to return goods to the supplier to have the product repaired or replaced or in order to receive a refund or credit for another product from the same retailer or corporation within the product's warranty period. |
| Shortcut key | A keyboard combination that activates a program command directly, as an alternative to activating the command through the program menus. |
| Snapping | Attaching a point on one draw object to the exact coordinates of a point in another draw object. You can snap the central shape point of an arc to another object or snap a routable road to an existing road, enabling routing from the drawn road to the road system on the map database. |
| Speed field | When GPS tracking, displays your speed as you travel. |
| Terrain Distance | The 3-D distance of the profile accounting for elevation rise and descent. |
| Third-party GPS device | A GPS receiver manufactured by a company other than DeLorme, such as GARMIN, Magellan, Brunton, Lowrance, Trimble, and so forth. |
| Time field | When connected to a DeLorme GPS receiver, displays the Greenwich mean time. |
| Track | To observe or plot the moving path of an object. |
| Upload | To transfer information from a computer to a remote unit, such as a GPS receiver. |
| VDOP | The measure of how much the geometry of the satellites affects the vertical position estimate. |
| Waypoints | Marked positions with specific coordinates that can be downloaded or uploaded. |
| Zone | A named grid system of any of the UTM/UPS, MGRS, or State Plane coordinate systems and used as a basis for coordinate display. For example, UTM zone 19 specifies the six-degree swath between longitude 66W to 72W and running from 84S to 80N. Another example is zone ME-W in the State Plane coordinate system, which specifies an area that covers the western half of Maine. When using one these coordinate systems, the current zone and coordinates east and north (the eastings and northings) of the zone origin are displayed. |